This book proposes a profound revision of graphic illustration from the period 1800 to 1870, examined here as a problematic body of images frequently assigned contradictory meanings, plagued by anachronisms and ill-adjusted with respect to some of the stylistic and ideological principles of the historical view of 19th-century art. In order to establish a new interpretative structure of reproduced images the functions assigned to them in their time has been restored, and these functions compared to the works’ reception, while the artistic strategies employed by their authors have been linked with modes of representation and knowledge also applied and debated in politics and science.